Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part A (2024)

Background: HIV remains a significant global public health issue, causing 40.4 million deaths and ongoing transmission worldwide, with increasing new infections in previously declining countries.
Aim of the study: The main goal of this research is retrospective analysis of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HIV infected patients, who were diagnosed and treated at the Clinic for Infectious Diseases in Kirkuk city in the period from 2003 until the end of 2023 
Patients and methods: This retrospective study was conducted for HIV and AIDS in Kirkuk from August 20, 2023, to the end of May 2024. It included 60 HIV patients attending the consultation clinic for chest and respiratory diseases in Kirkuk City, comprising both males and females. Data were collected through structured interviews using a standardized questionnaire, which covered demographic information, infection history, beliefs about transmission, knowledge and experiences with HIV, satisfaction with healthcare services, and general attitudes towards HIV. The study examined patients' HIV infection properties, including duration and treatment status. It found that unprotected sexual intercourse was the most common cause, followed by dental operations and cupping therapy. Most patients were informed about HIV transmission, but participation in prevention programs was minimal. Patients had varying levels of awareness about HIV-related symptoms, stages, and medical check-ups. The majority of patients believed there were changes in transmission modes over time and mixed opinions on healthcare service improvements. The study also explored general population attitudes towards HIV, including knowledge of risk factors, cultural contributions, comfort discussing HIV status, and stigma reduction beliefs.
Results: The study revealed that the majority of HIV patients fell within the 28-37 year age range (38.33%), followed by the 38-47 year range (28.33%), with a mean age of 35.5±9.17 years. A significant majority were male (91.67%), with females constituting 8.33% and a male-to-female ratio of 11:1. Most patients resided in urban areas (75%), and the largest occupational group was the unemployed (65%). A study found that 91.67% of patients had a history of past HIV infection, with the majority living with the infection for 1-15 years. All patients received HIV treatment, with unprotected sexual intercourse being the most common cause. 98.33% of patients were informed about HIV transmission at diagnosis, but participation in prevention programs was minimal. Most patients (83.33%) felt there was insufficient awareness about HIV transmission methods in Kirkuk City. Comfort in discussing HIV transmission history with healthcare providers varied, with 51.67% feeling slightly comfortable and 38.33% moderately comfortable. Most patients underwent regular medical check-ups and had relatively high awareness of HIV stages. The study reveals that 46.67% of patients feel moderately informed about the long-term effects of HIV, with low incidence of opportunistic infections. However, 76.67% are aware of AIDS-defining illnesses and generally rate comorbidity management positively. Most patients are satisfied with the accessibility of antiretroviral therapy (ART), but 78.33% experience side effects. Most patients believe routine testing is infrequent and public awareness campaigns are slightly effective. Most patients observe changes in transmission modes over time, and general knowledge about risk factors is slight. Comfort in discussing HIV status is low.