Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is a multifaceted disease that has evolved significantly over the years, giving rise to a range of cultural, emotional, and symbolic representations. Its impact on individuals, families, and communities has fostered diverse perceptions, often expressed through artistic or metaphorical forms such as drawings and local expressions. This study investigates these visual and linguistic representations to better understand the socio-cultural complexity surrounding HIV/AIDS in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.

Objective: To explore the diversity of perceptions and symbolic representations of HIV/AIDS through analysis of drawings and local expressions.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazzaville using a probabilistic sampling method. A total of 178 individuals aged 18 and above were randomly selected from various locations. Data were collected over six months using a structured questionnaire. Participants were asked to create a drawing or write a phrase that represented HIV/AIDS, and to share the local terminology for condoms and for individuals living with HIV. A qualitative analysis was conducted to identify key themes and patterns in the collected data.

Results: Participants used a wide range of visual and verbal metaphors to depict HIV/AIDS. Common drawings included awareness logos, viruses, vampires, snakes, genitalia, white blood cells, broken hearts, and knives. Phrases such as "killer monster," "divine curse," "incurable disease," and "living dead" reflected the perceived severity and emotional burden of the disease. Cultural diversity was evident in the local terminology used for condoms (e.g., capote, chaussette, pompet) and individuals living with HIV (e.g., aza na niama, sidéen, public danger). These representations underscored both awareness and persistent misconceptions about the disease.

Discussion: The study reveals a broad spectrum of symbolic interpretations, from fear-inducing and stigmatising imagery to more factual and humorous expressions. The diversity in representations reflects differing levels of knowledge, cultural influences, and emotional responses. Misconceptions about transmission and stigma were prevalent. These findings underscore the importance of culturally sensitive health education that addresses myths, fosters accurate understanding, and reduces stigma associated with HIV/AIDS.

Conclusion: Visual and verbal representations offer a valuable lens for understanding how HIV/AIDS is conceptualized within communities. These insights are crucial for designing effective awareness campaigns that resonate with local perceptions while promoting accurate knowledge and empathy towards people living with HIV/AIDS.